Artificial Intelligence (AI)

There is no doubt that artificial intelligence (AI) has become one of the topics with significant impacts in different fields. According to the Merr¡am-Webster dictionary, artificial intelligence is defined as "a machine's ability to mimic intelligent human behavior." The main subject of artificial intelligence is to produce new models and approaches that can enable smart activities. Typically, artificial intelligence relies on experiments, in which the researcher uses the computer system as a laboratory to verify hypotheses and run the test. Artificial intelligence can be more effective than humans at many tasks and can work 24/7 without fatigue and human error. It transfers data to users in a more transparent way. Artificial intelligence is related to a process of empowered thinking and data analysis.

It automates the manual health system where healthcare professionals carry out their routine work and duties. Artificial intelligence can operationally eliminate health problems in our daily lives. A few of them are listed below:

• Cost savings,

• Fewer doctor visits,

• Fewer hospitalizations.

Artificial intelligence plays an important role in minimizing errors caused by human negligence in the health sector. For example; If the drugs of a patient who is forgotten to be cared for by a nurse are not given, the life of the patient may be in danger. Artificial intelligence monitors the patient and informs the nurse whether the drugs are given or not. It can speed up patient diagnosis, treatment, and clinical decision-making.

Artificial intelligence refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines, such as computers or robots, programmed to mimic cognitive functions that humans associate with other human minds, such as learning and problem-solving.

Types of artificial intelligence are classified as general artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning. Artificial intelligence is a broader term than machine learning and deep learning. Machine learning includes algorithms for various types of tasks, such as regression, clustering, and so on, and the algorithms must be trained on the data. Deep learning is a very young field of artificial intelligence based on artificial neural networks. Deep learning algorithms also need data to learn to solve tasks.

Artificial intelligence-based technologies are being integrated into our daily lives. According to the World Health Organization, 60% of factors related to individual health and quality of life are associated with lifestyle factors such as exercise, diet, sleep, stress reduction, abuse of substance-based drugs, or entertainment. AI-powered technologies and applications can now provide day-to-day lifestyle interventions, reminders, and referrals based on individual vital signs through digital devices. Artificial intelligence-based technologies in health institutions; it is set to enable the health system to operate, optimize, significantly transform the way they interact with patients, and provide care services to improve the overall efficiency of patient outcomes.

Artificial intelligence is expected to facilitate the diagnosis of patients with certain diseases. The number of people who died worldwide due to the side effects of medical treatment was 94,000 in 1990, and 142,000 in 2013.

In 2000, the Institute of Medical reported that an estimated 44,000 to 98,000 people die each year from preventable causes and 1,000,000 are seriously injured each year due to medical errors in the United States. In the UK, a study from 2000, found that around 850,000 medical errors occur each year, costing more than 2 billion pounds in additional costs. Therefore, the use of artificial intelligence-based technologies in various healthcare fields can help reduce human decision errors.